Inductance of coaxial cable

The self-inductance of a coaxial cable is another important characteristic, because it influences the propagation of electrical signals in the cable. Let's now calculate the self-inductance of the coaxial cable shown in Figure 35.6. An emf is connected to one end of the cable and a load resistor is connected to the other end.

Inductance of coaxial cable. See full list on allaboutcircuits.com

Every form of a conductor has its own inductance, and a coaxial cable is no exception. This tool is designed to calculate the inductance of a coaxial cable if its dimensions are provided. You can select the unit of measurement for the coaxial cable's inner diameter, outer diameter, and length.

we compare two approaches for solving the inductance of a coaxial cable. The first approach is the traditional way, which tends to follow a recipe and skips. steps. Converting a fiber optic connection to coaxial is a relatively simple process that creates a variety of audio options for your whole house. For basic installations, adapters can eliminate concern over available connection types on surround ...A coaxial cable has an inner core of radius 1.0 mm and an outer sheath of internal radius of 4.0 mm. Determine the inductance of the cable per meter length.Sep 12, 2022 · The conductance per unit length \(G'\) (i.e., S/m) of this structure is of interest in determining the characteristic impedance of coaxial transmission line, as addressed in Sections 3.4 and Section 3.10. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Determining the conductance of a structure consisting of coaxially-arranged conductors separated by a lossy dielectric. In the air medium, the celebrated formula for the mutual inductance of coaxial circular coils is given by Maxwell . After the analysis of geometric relationships, Grover proposed the calculation method of mutual inductance between a primary coil and a secondary coil with horizontal misalignment (along the X -axis) and angular misalignment ...... inductance and mutual capacitance in the leakage of transient signals through the braid of a coaxial cable. The difference between mutual inductance and ...A coaxial cable consists of an inner wire of radius a that carries a current I upward, and an outer cylindrical conductor of radius b that carries the same current downward. Find the self-inductance of a coaxial cable of length L. Ignore the magnetic flux within the inner wire. Solution: Hint1: The direction of the magnetic field.

Figure II-1: Resistance and Inductance of coaxial cable The coaxial cable signal conductor radius (r 1) was 12 mils. The dielectric radius (r 2) was 25 mils. The signal and ground conductor used copper with conductivity set to 5.8e7 S/m. The equations below show the analytical calculations used to predict resistance and inductance per meter ...Thus, 50 Ohm Coaxial Cable was selected as the ideal compromise; offering high power handling AND low attenuation characteristics. With 50 Ohm Coaxial Cables being the best compromise solution, practically any application that demands high power handling capacity, i.e. 100 watts or more, will use 50 Ohm Coaxial Cable.http://www.physicsgalaxy.com Learn complete Physics Video Lectures on Magnetic Effects and Magnetic Forces for IIT JEE by Ashish Arora. This is the most comp...Cable Inductance. Next up is the inductance. You have to remove some of the insulation on the other side of the cable and short out the center pin to the shield. Then use the LCR Meter and measure the inductance at the open end of the cable. So now lets short out the other end of the cable and measure. Here, the inductance of the cable is 100 nH.The cross section of a coaxial line is shown in Figure 2.9.1 2.9. 1 (a) and it has two concentric conductors with the inner conductor having an outer radius of a a and the inside of the outer conductor with a radius b b. The fields between the conductors can be solved by expressing the field relations in cylindrical coordinates.Apr 23, 2020 · For signals in the hundreds of KHz and up, properly-specified coaxial cable provides a controlled impedance to improve signal integrity. The venerable 3-way RCA cable for audio and video is an example: coax cables for the audio (low frequency, high impedance) and video (~5 MHz, low impedance). On good A/V cables the video cable will be thicker ... If the line’s design is altered to increase its bulk capacitance and/or decrease its bulk inductance (e.g. decreasing the distance between conductors), the characteristic impedance will decrease. ... of RG-58/U coaxial cable will have the exact same characteristic impedance as a 10000 kilometer length of RG-58/U coaxial cable (50 …

May 3, 2019 · All wires have inductance. It comes from the magnetic field inhibiting the flow of current. Current flowing through a wire transfers energy to "create" the magnetic field around the wire (or outer conductor of coax), just like wire does in a coil. If you have current flowing on the outside of the coax, this should be modeled as inductance in a ... As an example, many engineers use 50 ohm coaxial cables that are about 4 feet long and have BNC connectors on each end. The time delay of these cables is about 6 nanoseconds (nS), the capacitance of the cable is 6nS/50ohms = 120 picofarads (pF), and the inductance of the cable is 6nS*50ohms = 300 nanohenrys (nH). C t Z Total LtZ d ==⋅Total d ... a. Coaxial Circular Filaments_ 21 . b. Circles Whose Axes Intersect—— 22 . c. Two Concentric Circles (Not . Coaxial). 23 . d. Two Parallel Circles_ 24 . e. Self-Inductance of a Circular Turn . of Wire. 26 . f. Self-Inductance of a Circular Toroid_Turn . of Wire Near a Magnetic Medium_ 27 . g. Self-Inductance of a Wire_ 27 . h. Mutual ...Sep 26, 2017 · Coaxial cable inductance examples are very common in Electromagnetism books and lectures as a simple example to explain self-inductance. In those examples they assume the core is a hollow cylinder, So there is no magnetic flux inside the core, I was wondering what happens if we don't. ϕB = ∫a 0 B r<a.n^ds + ∫b a B a<r<b.n^ds ϕ B = ∫ 0 a ... \$\begingroup\$ The data sheets for most transmission cables (coax, twisted pair etc.) state most things. Normally you can pretty much ignore G up to hundreds of MHz. Above 100 MHz G starts to be more significant due to dielectric losses. You can even derive L and C from internal cable dimensions to a reasonable degree. \$\endgroup\$ –

Kansas small business administration.

A coaxial cable is most commonly used by the cable television industry and may also be found connecting to your cable modem. Coaxial cables are used due to their ability to transmit electrical signals …v t e Inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it. The electric current produces a magnetic field around the conductor. The magnetic field strength depends on the magnitude of the electric current, and follows any changes in the magnitude of the current. 0.840c-0.880c. Solid Teflon (ST) 1.46. 0.694c. Air Space Teflon (AST) 1.13-1.20. 0.850c-0.900c. Properties of standard coaxial type cables have been very much standardized for many years. Unless you buy rogue stock from a supplier, if you abide by the manufacturer's application guidelines, there should not be any surprises.The cable dictates how much current initially flows based (mainly) on its inductance, capacitance and resistance. The formula is this: -. Characteristic impedance = R + jωL G + jωC− −−−−−−−√ R + j ω L G + j ω C. R is resistance per metre, L is inductance per metre, C is parallel capacitance per metre and G is parallel ...Just as electrical cables emits electromagnetic radiation and electrical energy in form of heat, coaxial cables can do the same but are hindered from doing so by insulating them. For a single core cable, the resistance offered by the insulation to electrical energy is given as. Rins = ρdr / 2πrl. When integrated; Rins [ ρ / 2πrl (loge (r1/r2))]

Times Microwave Systems Coax Cable Specification Configuration • Flexible Cable • 1 Shield(s). Electrical Specifications. Description Minimum Typical Maximum Units . Frequency Range DC 1,000 MHz Impedance 50 Ohms Velocity of Propagation 66 % Nominal Capacitance 30.8 [101.05] pF/ft [pF/m] ..At. 2:18. he states that Total flux=Mi. In prior videos he has stated that Total flux =Li/N. Since L and M both represent inductance, what happened to "N" in the Total Flux=Mi equation. 18 de jul. de 2023 ... Enter the inner diameter, outer diameter, and relative permittivity of a coaxial cable to calculate its impedance, inductance, capacitance, ...Both the mutual inductance and capacitance between signal wires and other cables are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the wires and the cable. ... The cable-length specification once included in the RS232 standard has been replaced by a maximum load-capacitance specification of 2500 pF.It indicates that the length of the coaxial cable will be limited by the type of the cable, the transformer inductance, and the pumping voltage frequency. Under the resonant condition, the theoretical analysis shows that the thermal noise of the bridge, namely the contribution of e s dominates at the resonant frequency [ 14 ].zone four is zero, similarly as in a coaxial cable. Obtained the magnetic field in the four zones, the energy can be determined in each zone by 11 d. 2 [ ] 22V W = ⋅=∫BH V LI J (1) Thus, applying this method for each zone, and summing the four resulting energies, the leakage inductance (per meter) in a coaxial transformer can be determined byJun 23, 2023 · The first section, Section 2.2.1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. The complete development of transmission line theory is presented in Section 2.2.2, and Section 2.2.3 relates the RLGC transmission line model to the properties of a medium. The 3.5 mm Coaxial Connector is a widely used standardized coaxial connector type with some interesting features. These features make the 3.5 mm Coaxial Connector a very common connector type, which is why there are a plethora of 3.5 mm Coaxial Adapters. The 3.5 mm Coaxial Connector is designed to be relatively rugged and uses an air-dielectric ...Understand the applications of inductors and the inductor formula. Related to this Question. A coaxial cable has an inner radius of r1, an outer radius of ...Your destination for buying luxury homes with elevator in Menara, Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco. Discover your dream home among our modern houses, penthouses and...When a coaxial cable is used as the line, the system is called. PoC (Power over Coax). An example of in-vehicle camera system that uses coaxial cable is shown ...

field of manufacturing high-quality RG-58 cables for wiring. The RG-58 cables are used for both domestic and industry purposes. They are highly advanced in telecommunications, which is primarily generated by means of the coaxial cable and the BNC connector. Related Reading on RG-58 RG58 is a classification of coaxial cable that is used for RF ...

30 de mar. de 2023 ... What is the inductance per meter? This question was previously asked in. BSNL JE (TTA) 27 September 2016 Shift 2 Paper.30 de mar. de 2023 ... What is the inductance per meter? This question was previously asked in. BSNL JE (TTA) 27 September 2016 Shift 2 Paper.Coaxial cables transmit signals through the center wire. To ensure a quality signal travels the length of the cable a metal shield is needed. Both components receive a current simultaneously, generating a magnetic field. This allows the signal to remain intact and not bleed out like it would without the shield.A coaxial cable is most commonly used by the cable television industry and may also be found connecting to your cable modem. Coaxial cables are used due to their ability to transmit electrical signals with minimal distortions. Coaxial cables have two long cylindrical conductors that possess current and a self-inductance that may have ...Example 7.14.1: Inductance of RG-59 coaxial cable. RG-59 coaxial cable consists of an inner conductor having radius 0.292 mm, an outer conductor having radius 1.855 mm, and polyethylene (a non-magnetic dielectric) spacing material. Estimate the inductance per length of RG-59. culating the inductance of this cable is proposed. The method is applied on examples and the results obtained are compared with published data. I. INTRODUCTION Consider a coaxial cable formed by two infinitely long straight concentric tubular conductors. The inner or the outer conductor is determined by resistivity and cross-section radii % i ... Inductance of Coaxial Cable. The inductance formula for Coaxial Cable Inductance is given below. Inductance of Coaxial Cable. L= μ0 ...

Tsu vs kansas football.

Equity in athletics disclosure act.

The inductor can be calculated by the following formula. Inductance of Coax Cable. Where: L = Inductance in µH / metre. D = Outer Diameter.field of manufacturing high-quality RG-58 cables for wiring. The RG-58 cables are used for both domestic and industry purposes. They are highly advanced in telecommunications, which is primarily generated by means of the coaxial cable and the BNC connector. Related Reading on RG-58 RG58 is a classification of coaxial cable that is used for RF ...18 de nov. de 2022 ... A coaxial cable has a capacitance of 30 pF/ft and an inductance of 78 nH/ft. What is the characteristic impedance?Jun 6, 2020 · It indicates that the length of the coaxial cable will be limited by the type of the cable, the transformer inductance, and the pumping voltage frequency. Under the resonant condition, the theoretical analysis shows that the thermal noise of the bridge, namely the contribution of e s dominates at the resonant frequency [ 14 ]. The cable is a transmission line (read more here) and it will transport a signal properly ONLY when the input and output of the cable/transmission line is TERMINATED by the proper impedance ! So a 50 ohm coax cable needs a source with a 50 ohm output impedance and it needs a 50 ohm load at the other end of the cable.A coaxial cable consists of an inner wire of radius a that carries a current I upward, and an outer cylindrical conductor of radius b that carries the same current downward. Find the self-inductance of a coaxial cable of length L. Ignore the magnetic flux within the inner wire. Solution: Hint1: The direction of the magnetic field. With hundreds of coaxial RF cables in-stock and ready to ship worldwide immediately, our coax capacitance calculator lets you calculate the impedance of a coax by allowing you to enter the outer diameter dielectric width and inner conductor diameter. With our handy calculator, you can choose from 50 Ohm, 75 Ohm, 93 Ohm and 95 Ohm coaxial cables ...With hundreds of coaxial RF cables in-stock and ready to ship worldwide immediately, our coax capacitance calculator lets you calculate the impedance of a coax by allowing you to enter the outer diameter dielectric width and inner conductor diameter. With our handy calculator, you can choose from 50 Ohm, 75 Ohm, 93 Ohm and 95 Ohm coaxial cables ...Coaxial. Passband. Typically 0–4 GHz. The BNC connector (initialism of "Bayonet Neill–Concelman") is a miniature quick connect/disconnect radio frequency connector used for coaxial cable. It is designed to maintain the same characteristic impedance of the cable, with 50 ohm and 75 ohm types being made. It is usually applied for video and ...A coaxial cable consists of two concentric cylindrical regions, an inner core, an outer cylindrical shell, something like this. These conducting cylindrical regions are separated by an insulating medium from one another, and as one of these cylinders carry the current in one direction, that’s called the current flowing the inner core as i sub a. ….

Calculate the inductance and capacitance per unit length for coaxial cables, ... inductance of a coaxial cable in Example 15.3: 23.1. 23.2. Page 3. 3. (Equation ...The parameters used to describe the relevant features of coaxial cable are shown in Figure 7.3.1. In this figure, a and b are the radii of the inner and outer conductors, respectively. …field of manufacturing high-quality RG-58 cables for wiring. The RG-58 cables are used for both domestic and industry purposes. They are highly advanced in telecommunications, which is primarily generated by means of the coaxial cable and the BNC connector. Related Reading on RG-58 RG58 is a classification of coaxial cable that is used for RF ...1.10.3 Effect of Fringing Flux on Inductance for Rectangular Air Gap 58 1.10.4 Method of Effective Air Gap Cross-Sectional Area 60 1.10.5 Method of Effective Length of Air Gap 60 1.10.6 Patridge’s Fringing Factor 60 1.10.7 Distribution of Fringing Magnetic Field 62 1.11 Inductance of Strip Transmission Line 62 1.12 Inductance of Coaxial Cable 62Inductance, coils, are one way of doing that. A coil, or inductance, impedes, or slows, or stops, AC. So, if you wind a coax cable into a coil you produce some inductance on the "OUTSIDE" of that coax. That inductance slows or stops electrical signals from flowing on the 'outside' of that cable. Which is good, and the whole idea of an RF 'choke'!I leave it to other sources to provide the complex equations needed to precisely model coaxial cables. a = outside radius of inner conductor (inches) b = inside radius of outer conductor (inches) c = speed of light in a vacuum = 299,792 km/s = 186,282 mi/s. ε = dielectric constant = ε0 * εr. ε0 = permittivity of free space = 8.85419 x 10 ... Question: Example 3 Determine the self-inductance of a coaxial cable of inner radius a and outer radius b. O 2-axis h (b) (a) Cross section of the coaxial ...3. (30 points) Figure 2 shows the cross section of a coaxial cable and the formulas for the unit-length inductance and capacitance of the cable. ε = εrε0, where ε0 = 8.8541878128 × 10−12F.m−1 is the free space permittivity and εr is the relative permittivity. μ0 = 4π × 10−7H/m is the free space permeability. Figure 2: Dimension ...The formula listed doesn’t define lower case L. More seriously, the equation doesn’t appear to match the one in the source referenced. Equation (7) in chapter 5 of “Inductance Calculations” by F. W. Grover gives the … Inductance of coaxial cable, Coaxial cables. Introduction to coaxial cables. A coaxial cable is one that consists of two conductors that share a common axis. The inner conductor is typically a straight wire, either solid or stranded and the outer conductor is typically a shield that might be braided or a foil. ... (50 pF/foot is typical) and a certain amount of inductance ..., This expression extends to DC by letting tend to 0.. A surge of energy on a finite transmission line will see an impedance of prior to any reflections returning; hence surge impedance is an alternative name for characteristic impedance.Although an infinite line is assumed, since all quantities are per unit length, the “per length” parts of all the units …, Understand the applications of inductors and the inductor formula. Related to this Question. A coaxial cable has an inner radius of r1, an outer radius of ..., At higher frequencies, the coaxial cable takes on complex characteristics that can be best shown as a series of ‘distributed’ values of inductance, resistance, capacitance, and conductance. See Figure 2. Coaxial cables are often analyzed as ‘lossy’ elements with lumped capacitance and inductance values, although the electrical ..., At higher frequencies, the coaxial cable takes on complex characteristics that can be best shown as a series of ‘distributed’ values of inductance, resistance, capacitance, and conductance. See Figure 2. Coaxial cables are often analyzed as ‘lossy’ elements with lumped capacitance and inductance values, although the electrical ... , Therefore the capacitance per unit length, C′ C ′, is. C′ = 2πϵ ln(b/a). (5.3.1) (5.3.1) C ′ = 2 π ϵ ln ( b / a). This is by no means solely of academic interest. The capacitance per unit length of coaxial cable (“coax”) is an important property of the cable, and this is the formula used to calculate it., Cable Inductance. Next up is the inductance. You have to remove some of the insulation on the other side of the cable and short out the center pin to the shield. Then use the LCR Meter and measure the inductance at the open end of the cable. So now lets short out the other end of the cable and measure. Here, the inductance of the cable is …, Therefore the capacitance per unit length, C′ C ′, is. C′ = 2πϵ ln(b/a). (5.3.1) (5.3.1) C ′ = 2 π ϵ ln ( b / a). This is by no means solely of academic interest. The capacitance per unit length of coaxial cable (“coax”) is an important property of the cable, and this is the formula used to calculate it., The first section, Section 2.2.1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. The complete development of transmission line theory is presented in Section 2.2.2, and Section 2.2.3 relates the RLGC transmission line model to the properties of a medium., 1. In coaxial cable, the transmission of signals happens via the inner conductor of the cable. In twisted pair cable, the transmission of signals happens via metallic conducting wire. 2. Speed is up to 10 Mbps. Speed is up to 10 Gbps. 3. Coaxial cables are difficult to install and implement., This is typically a coax cable, "open wire" ladder-line, window line, or a twin-lead cable. Such transmission lines can be modeled as a series of infinitesimally small sections of four components: series inductance per unit of length, denoted L 0. loss resistance per unit of length, R 0, in series with inductance L 0., The inductance of this structure is of interest for a number of reasons - in particular, for determining the characteristic impedance of coaxial transmission line, as addressed in Section 3.10. Figure 7.14.1 7.14. 1: Determining the inductance of coaxial line. For our present purpose, we may model the structure as shown in Figure 7.14.1 7.14., I leave it to other sources to provide the complex equations needed to precisely model coaxial cables. a = outside radius of inner conductor (inches) b = inside radius of outer conductor (inches) c = speed of light in a vacuum = 299,792 km/s = 186,282 mi/s. ε = dielectric constant = ε0 * εr. ε0 = permittivity of free space = 8.85419 x 10 ... , Now (a) determine the magnetic energy stored per unit length of the coaxial cable and (b) use this result to find the self-inductance per unit length of the cable. Figure 14.11 (a) A …, Self Inductance Description. The inductance for the two wire inductance might be useful in measuring the inductance for a signal and ground on a ribbon cable. The inputs to this calculator are length distance between the two conductors and diameter of the wire. These two signals make a complete loop. Wire Self Inductance Model., Yoomo 353 1 12 2 No, inductance measured with two wires connected like this will be order of magnitude smaller. Inductances will "cancel" each other, so anythink You measure there is some residual inductance (leads, short at the end). Of course as long as cables are parralel and close to each other - fifi_22 Dec 29, 2020 at 22:51 1, The self-inductance of a circuit is defined as the ratio of total magnetic flux linking the circuit divided by the current through the circuit generating ..., 13 de abr. de 2015 ... It features a special type of wiring to reduce overall cable inductance ... Same accessories and tools as RFS CELLFLEX® 7/8” coaxial cable ..., The Inductance per unit length L and Capacitance per unit length C can be calculated from Electromagnetic Theory. The formulae depend upon the cross sectional shape of the conductors. 7 Impedances of Actual Cables. Coaxial Cable EM theory says that a Coaxial Cable with inner rod having diameter a and outer tube having diameter b has, For the coaxial case, an exact solution is also given for the mutual inductance between a thick circular coil and a thick elliptic coil . As for the investigation on angular misalignment, Babic and Akyel [ 23 ] raised a lucid, easy and accurate approach for the calculation of the mutual inductance between two inclined circular coils with either ..., The characteristic impedance of the cable is equal to the square root of the total distributed inductance divided by total capacitance. Theoretical circuit model representing three infinitely small sections of coaxial cable . A common 50-ohm RG8A/U cable, for example, may be specified as having an inductance of 241.9nH and a capacitance of 96 ..., Distributed Inductance (L') For a coaxial cable, the inductance per unit length L' in henries per meter (H/m) is defined as. where. D is the inside diameter of the coax cable shield,. d is the diameter of the inner conductor of the coax cable; units of D and d must be the same,. c is the speed of light 299,792,458 m⋅s −1,. ε 0 = 8.854187817620... × 10 −12 F/m is the …, At. 2:18. he states that Total flux=Mi. In prior videos he has stated that Total flux =Li/N. Since L and M both represent inductance, what happened to "N" in the Total Flux=Mi equation., Coaxial cable has great ability to counter magnetic induction from noise sources irrespective of its dimensions. AND, importantly, the bigger/fatter you make coax, the better it is regarding bandwidth and losses per metre: - Image from here. So, just like with a "small" dimensioned coaxial cable, twisted-pair is restricted in bandwidth and has ..., Inductance in Three Phase Transmission Line. In the three phase transmission line, three conductors are parallel to each other. The direction of the current is same through each of the conductors. Let us consider conductor A produces magnetic flux φ A, Conductor B produces magnetic flux φ B, And conductor C produces magnetic flux φ C., and 600 circuit-miles of underground cable at 275 (‘‘Transmission Line Conductor Design Comes of Age’’ by Art and 400 kV, connecting more than 300 substations. J. Peterson Jr. and Sven Hoffmann, Transmission & Distribution World Magazine, (Aug/2006). Reprinted with permission of Penton Media) 160 CHAPTER 4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS, A long cable carries current in one direction uniformly distributed over its circular cross section. The current returns along the surface (there is a very thin insulating sheath separating the currents). Find the self inductance per unit length. Solution: Concepts: Self inductance, Ampere's law, U = ½LI 2 = (1/(2μ 0))∫ B 2 dV. Reasoning:, A coaxial cable with two layers of foil insulation and two layers of braided shielding. A. Quad shielding . B. Double shielding ... For a given length of RG 8A/U coaxial cable with distributed capacitance of 96.6 pF/m, a distributed inductance of 241.56 nH/m, and a relative dielectric constant of 2.3, determine the velocity of propagation. A. 1 ..., For example, besides the wire loop, a long, straight wire has self-inductance, as does a coaxial cable. A coaxial cable is most commonly used by the cable television industry and may also be found connecting to your cable modem. Coaxial cables are used due to their ability to transmit electrical signals with minimal distortions., Thus, 50 Ohm Coaxial Cable was selected as the ideal compromise; offering high power handling AND low attenuation characteristics. With 50 Ohm Coaxial Cables being the best compromise solution, practically any application that demands high power handling capacity, i.e. 100 watts or more, will use 50 Ohm Coaxial Cable., Distributed Inductance (L') For a coaxial cable, the inductance per unit length L' in henries per meter (H/m) is defined as. where. D is the inside diameter of the coax cable shield, d is the diameter of the inner conductor of the coax cable; units of D and d must be the same, c is the speed of light 299,792,458 m⋅s −1,, 13 de abr. de 2015 ... It features a special type of wiring to reduce overall cable inductance ... Same accessories and tools as RFS CELLFLEX® 7/8” coaxial cable ..., To connect a DVD player to a Comcast cable box, start by tuning both the cable box and the TV to channel 2, 3 or 4, then connect the cable box to the wall. Next, connect the audio and visual cables between the DVD player and the TV, then co...